Unveiling the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The Saudi Arabian lifestyle is a unique blend of tradition and modernity, deeply rooted in Islamic traditions and Bedouin culture. Family and religion are central to this lifestyle, with an average household size of 5.8 persons1, reflecting strong family bonds. Islam shapes daily routines, with 89% of Saudis considering religion an essential part of their lives. The discovery of oil in the 1930s brought significant changes, transforming the predominantly nomadic lifestyle to an urban one, with the urban population surging from 9.2% in 1950 to 83.8% in 20102. globalisation, facilitated by increased internet access, has also influenced the lifestyle, particularly among the younger generation, leading to a more cosmopolitan outlook. Despite these changes, traditional norms and values remain influential, with the dress code reflecting the conservative nature of Saudi society. The Vision 2030 initiative is driving further transformations, promoting social reforms and diversifying the economy.
The Cultural Roots of the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The Saudi Arabian lifestyle is a rich tapestry, primarily shaped by Islamic traditions3 and Bedouin customs4. These cultural roots, while evolving, continue to significantly influence the nation’s social norms, values, and daily routines. Islamic traditions, as the state religion, guide every aspect of life, from daily prayers to dietary habits. The concept of “Ummah” or community, central to Islam, underscores the strong emphasis on family and communal life in Saudi society.
Bedouin customs, originating from the nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula, have left a lasting imprint on the Saudi lifestyle. These customs emphasise hospitality, honour, and strong family ties, which remain integral to Saudi society. However, the discovery of oil in the 1930s and subsequent rapid economic development have led to a blending of these traditional customs with modern influences.
Edward Said’s concept of “Orientalism” sheds light on the often misunderstood and misrepresented Saudi Arabian lifestyle in the Western world. The reality is a dynamic interplay of tradition and modernity, reflecting the evolving cultural landscape of Saudi Arabia.
The Role of Religion in Shaping the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The profound impact of religion, particularly Islam, on the lifestyle of Saudi Arabia is undeniable5. As the birthplace of Islam, the country’s cultural roots are deeply intertwined with religious practices and rituals. The Five Pillars of Islam, including faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage, form the bedrock of Saudi Arabian life. Daily routines are punctuated by five prayers, with businesses often closing to accommodate this practice. The holy month of Ramadan, marked by fasting from dawn to dusk, transforms the rhythm of daily life, fostering a sense of community. The annual Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca reinforces Saudi Arabia’s central role in the Islamic world, boosting the hospitality and service sectors. The influence of religion extends to the legal system, with Sharia law, derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing aspects of life from marriage to criminal justice6. Religious festivals like Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha strengthen social bonds and reflect Saudi Arabia’s religious identity. Despite recent shifts towards a more moderate interpretation of Islam, religion remains a defining element of the Saudi Arabian lifestyle.
The Impact of Technology on the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The rapid adoption of digital technology in Saudi Arabia, driven by the Saudi Vision 2030, has significantly reshaped various aspects of Saudi Arabian lifestyle. With a smartphone penetration rate of 91% and an internet penetration rate of 95.7% as of 20207, the widespread use of these technologies has revolutionised communication. The rise of e-commerce platforms like Souq and Haraj has transformed shopping habits, with the market projected to reach $22 billion by 20238. In education, the government’s Madrasati platform has enabled over six million students to access educational resources remotely, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare has seen the introduction of telemedicine, improving access to services, especially in rural areas. Even religious practices have been influenced, with apps like Muslim Pro and Qibla Connect aiding in religious observance. However, this rapid technological transformation has raised concerns about privacy and cybersecurity, with Saudi Arabia experiencing the highest number of cyber threats in the Middle East as per a 2019 Kaspersky report.
The Influence of globalisation on the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
globalisation, propelled by technological advancements, has significantly impacted the Saudi Arabian lifestyle, ushering in a blend of traditional and modern influences9. The most noticeable shift is in clothing styles. While traditional attire like the ‘thobe’ and ‘abaya’ remain prevalent, Western-style clothing, particularly among the younger generation, has gained popularity. This change mirrors broader societal shifts as Saudi Arabia integrates more into the global community.
globalisation has also influenced food habits, with international fast-food chains becoming popular. Yet, traditional Saudi dishes remain a household staple, striking a balance between global influence and cultural preservation. Similarly, the entertainment sector has seen a surge in the consumption of Western media, especially after the lifting of the 35-year cinema ban. However, there’s an increasing focus on promoting local content, reflecting a desire to participate in global cultural production while maintaining a distinct Saudi identity.
Education is another area greatly impacted, with many schools adopting international curricula. This exposes Saudi students to global perspectives and knowledge, opening new opportunities but also posing challenges in maintaining cultural and religious values. The influence of globalisation has sparked controversy, with traditionalists fearing it threatens Saudi cultural heritage. However, proponents view it as a catalyst for social reform, particularly women’s rights, as evidenced by the recent lifting of the driving ban for women10.
The Economic Landscape of the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The Saudi Arabian lifestyle has been significantly influenced by the country’s economic landscape, primarily shaped by its heavy reliance on oil revenues11. This dependence has provided a high standard of living, with free healthcare, education, and generous social welfare programmes. However, it has also made the economy vulnerable to global oil price fluctuations, necessitating economic diversification.
Over time, Saudi Arabia’s economy has transitioned from a traditional, tribal system to a modern, oil-based one, leading to rapid urbanisation and a shift from Bedouin lifestyles to more urban ones.
globalisation has further impacted the Saudi Arabian lifestyle. The country’s integration into the global economy has led to increased consumerism and a shift in consumption patterns, with a growing demand for Western goods and services. This has also resulted in lifestyle changes, such as a move towards fast food and sedentary lifestyles, contributing to rising health issues.
In response to the challenges posed by oil dependence and globalisation, Saudi Arabia launched Vision 2030, a strategic plan aimed at diversifying the economy and reducing oil dependence, thereby shaping the Saudi Arabian lifestyle for the future12.
The Social Fabric of the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The social fabric of Saudi Arabian lifestyle is a complex blend of tradition, religion, and modern influences13. Rooted in Bedouin culture and Islamic teachings, Saudi society values family, respect for elders, and adherence to religious practices. Over time, these norms have evolved, reflecting the country’s economic landscape and global influences. The Vision 2030 initiative, launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, aims to diversify the economy and modernise society, leading to significant social changes. Women’s participation in public life has increased, with the lifting of the ban on women driving in 2018 symbolising a shift towards greater gender equality14. Economic diversification, driven by a focus on sectors such as technology, entertainment, and tourism, is reshaping the social fabric, fostering entrepreneurship and opening up the country to the world. Despite these changes, Saudi Arabian society remains deeply rooted in its traditional customs and Islamic principles.
The Political Landscape and the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The political landscape of Saudi Arabia, under the absolute monarchy of the Al Saud family, has significantly shaped the lifestyle of its citizens15. Rooted in conservative interpretations of Islam, particularly Wahhabism, the monarchy has enforced strict social norms and religious practices. The discovery of oil in 1938 brought immense wealth, transforming the socio-economic fabric and leading to a high standard of living16.
The implementation of the Saudi Vision 2030, launched by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, aims to reduce Saudi Arabia’s oil dependence, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors. This initiative has led to social reforms, including women’s right to drive and attend public events, and the opening of cinemas.
However, the political landscape remains complex. The monarchy’s decisions are deeply intertwined with the country’s religious and cultural norms. The enforcement of Islamic law, or Sharia, continues to shape the daily lives of Saudi Arabians. These political changes reflect a delicate balance between modernization and the preservation of cultural and religious values.
The Future of the Saudi Arabian Lifestyle
The future of the Saudi Arabian lifestyle is set for significant transformation, driven by the ambitious Vision 2030 plan17. This strategic framework aims to diversify the economy, promote tourism, and enhance citizens’ quality of life. Opportunities lie in the empowerment of women, with the government lifting the ban on women driving and encouraging workforce participation. This could foster a more gender-balanced society and increase women’s independence and financial security.
Economic diversification and privatisation also present opportunities. The development of sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, and tourism could boost employment and entrepreneurship, fostering a diverse and vibrant society.
However, challenges persist. The conservative nature of Saudi society may limit the pace of social change. Balancing modernization with traditional values will require careful navigation. The political landscape, characterised by a monarchy with centralised power, will significantly influence these changes. The monarchy’s commitment to reform is evident, but the pace and extent of change will depend on political stability and managing potential resistance from conservative factions.
The transition towards a more liberal society may cause tension and social friction, leading to debates about cultural and religious norms. The successful navigation of these dynamics will determine the extent to which the Saudi Arabian lifestyle evolves in the coming years.
A Global Perspective
The global perspective of the Saudi Arabian lifestyle is a complex interplay between tradition and modernity. Internationally, Saudi Arabia is often viewed through the lens of its rich cultural heritage and strong religious values. However, recent socio-economic reforms under Vision 2030 have begun to reshape this perception, highlighting a shift towards a more progressive and diversified society. This shift has significant implications, influencing international relations, trade, and the internal dynamics of Saudi society. As the nation continues to modernise, the world is likely to witness a gradual transformation in the Saudi lifestyle, including increased female participation in the workforce and a more open approach towards entertainment and tourism. However, navigating this transition requires careful consideration of cultural preservation, inclusivity, and the aspirations of the young population. The future of the Saudi Arabian lifestyle lies in finding a harmonious equilibrium between tradition and progress, ensuring a sustainable and inclusive future for all its citizens.
A Personal Perspective
Living in Saudi Arabia offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity, deeply rooted in Islamic traditions that shape daily routines, social interactions, and cultural norms. Personal experiences, such as the call to prayer echoing five times a day, traditional dress, and warm hospitality, are integral to the Saudi lifestyle. However, from a global perspective, this lifestyle may seem conservative due to its adherence to Islamic principles.
Recent years have witnessed a shift towards openness and modernization, driven by the Vision 2030 initiative. This transformation has led to a more diverse lifestyle, with increased opportunities for women in the workforce and a relaxation of entertainment restrictions. As Dr. Hatoon Al Fassi, a Saudi historian and women’s rights advocate, puts it, “Saudi society is not a monolith, and it’s more dynamic than it appears.
Understanding the Saudi Arabian lifestyle requires appreciating its nuances and complexities. It challenges stereotypes and promotes a more comprehensive understanding of the Kingdom’s cultural tapestry. It also reflects a broader global trend of societies grappling with maintaining their unique identities while adapting to the forces of globalisation.
The Saudi Arabian Lifestyle A Journey Through Time
The Saudi Arabian lifestyle, a captivating blend of tradition and modernity, has been shaped by a rich historical journey. Beginning with the nomadic Bedouin lifestyle, values of community, hospitality, and respect for tradition were instilled, forming the foundation of Saudi culture. The advent of Islam in the 7th century further influenced daily life, with Islamic principles guiding spiritual, social, and economic activities.
The 20th-century discovery of oil marked a significant turning point, leading to rapid urbanisation and modernization. This shift from nomadic to settled living, coupled with the wealth generated by the oil industry, transformed the socio-economic landscape. It also impacted personal perspectives, as Saudis began to balance their cultural heritage with modern conveniences and opportunities.
globalisation, too, has left its mark, blending traditional and modern elements in areas such as cuisine and fashion. Personal perspectives vary, reflecting the society’s diversity. Some individuals cherish traditions, while others embrace modern influences. This journey through time reveals a Saudi Arabian lifestyle that values its past while looking towards the future, a testament to the adaptability and resilience of the Saudi people.
Citations
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- 2: Population growth in Saudi Arabia – https://www.worlddata.info/asia/saudi-arabia/populationgrowth.php
- 3: Culture & Art | The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – https://www.saudiembassy.net/culture-art
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- 10: ACCELERATING TO ACHIEVE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE – https://hlpf.un.org/sites/default/files/vnrs/2023/VNR%202023%20KSA%20Report.pdf
- 11: Saudi Women and Vision 2030: Bridging the Gap? – PMC – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533207/
- 12: Power and Preservation in the House of Saud – https://sais.jhu.edu/sites/default/files/Power-and-Preservation.pdf
- 13: Mar 3, 1938 CE: Oil Discovered in Saudi Arabia – https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/mar3/oil-discovered-saudi-arabia/
- 14: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 – https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/media/rc0b5oy1/saudi_vision203.pdf
- 15: Overcoming resistance to change in Saudi Arabian … – https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/288854165.pdf
- 16: The rising women workforce in Saudi Arabia’s private sector – https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/event-recap/empowering-the-future-the-rising-women-workforce-in-saudi-arabias-private-sector/
- 17: Islam in Saudi Arabia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia